NUMBERS:SINGULAR & PLURAL

                                                    

“WHEN ONE OERSON OR THING IS SPOKEN OF, THE NOUN IS SINGULAR AND WHEN MORE THAN ONE PERSON IS SPOKEN OF, THE NOUN IS PLURAL “- NESFIELD

1.        Generally  ‘s’ is added to  Singular nouns to form  Plural nouns.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
BOOK	BOOKS		CHAIR	CHAIRS		EYE	EYES
HEAD	HEADS		COW	COWS		CAT	CATS
TABLE	TABLES		GIRL	GIRLS		LION	LIONS
HAND	HANDS		IRON	IRONS		TIGER	TIGERS

2.    Generally ‘es’ is added to  Singular nouns  ending in ‘s’, ‘sh’, ‘ch’, & ‘x’ to form Plural nouns.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
ASS	ASSES		DISH	DISHES		BENCH	BENCHES
CLASS	CLASSES		BUSH	BUSHES		INCH	INCHES
BRUSH	BRUSHES		CHURCH	CHURCHES		BOX	BOXES
GLASS	GLASSES		BUNCH	BUNCHES		FOX	FOXES
KISS	KISSES		WATCH	WATCHES		TAX	TAXES

3.    Generally  ‘s’ is added to  Singular nouns ending in ‘ch’,and pronounce as ‘k’.

to form  Plural nouns.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
MONARC	MONARCHS		STOMACH	STOMACHS
CZECH	CZECHS

4.    Generally ‘s’ is added to  Singular nouns  ending in ‘o’ and having a vowel before it ,to form Plural nouns.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
BAMBOO	BAMBOO		CUCKOO	CUCKOOS		RADIO	RADIOS
STUDIO	STUDIOS		FOLIO	FOLIOS

5.    Generally ‘es’ is added to  Singular nouns  ending in ‘o’ and having a Consonant  before it ,to form Plural nouns.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
ZERO	ZEROES		MANGO	MANGOES		BUFFALO	BUFFOLOES
HERO	HEROES		POTATO	POTATOES		ECHO	ECHOES
NEGRO	NEGROES		MOSQUITO	MOSQUITOES		CARGO	CARGOES

          

          EXCEPTIONS

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
PHOTO	PHOTOS		PIANO	PIANOS		DYNAMO	DYNAMOS
SOLO	SOLOS		KILO	KILOS		LOGO	LOGOS
STEREO	STEREOS		RATIO	RATIOS		COMMANDO	COMMANDOS

6.    Generally ‘s’ is added to  Singular nouns  ending in ‘y’ and having a vowel before it ,to form Plural nouns.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
KEY	KEYS		DONKEY	DONKEYS		BOY	BOYS
MONKEY	MONKEYS		PREY	PREYS		TOY	TOYS
RAY	RAYS		CLAY	CLAYS		DAY	DAYS

7.    Generally ‘ies’ is added to  Singular nouns  ending in ‘y’ and having a consonant  before it ,to form Plural nouns

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
STORY	STORIES		COPY	COPIES		FLY	FLIESLADY
CITY	CITIES		BODY	BODIES		LADY	LADIES
BABY	BABIES		DUTY	DUTIES		BUTTERFLY	BUTTERFLIES

8.    Generally ‘ves’ is added to  Singular nouns  ending in ‘f’/’fe’ and having a consonant  before it ,to form Plural nouns.

     

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
CALF	CALVES		HALF	HALVES		SHELF	SHEVES
KNIFE	KNIVES		SHEAF	SHEAVES		LOAF	LOAVES
SELF	SELVES		LEAF	LEAVES		WIFE	WIVES

9.    Generally ‘s’ is also added to  Singular nouns  ending in ‘f’, to form Plural nouns.

     

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
ROOF	ROOFS		CLIFF	CLIFFS		BELIEF	BELIEFS
HOOF	HOOFS		GULF	GULFS		CLIFF	CLIFFS
BRIEF	BRIEFS		CHIEF	CHIEFS		DWARF	DWARFS
SAFE	SAFES		PROOF	POOFS		HANDKERCHIEF	HANDKERCHIEFS

10.  There are few Singular nouns use to form their Plural form by changing the vowels inside them.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
TOOTH	TEETH		FOOT	FEET		MAN	MEN
WOMAN	WOMEN		GOOSE	GEESE		GENTLEMAN	GENTLEWOMEN

11. There are few Singular nouns use to form their Plural form by changing the vowels and consonants inside them.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
LOUSE	LICE		MOUSE	MICE

12. There are few Singular nouns use to form their Plural form by adding ‘en’

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
CHILD	CHILDREN		BROTHER	BRETHEN		OX	OXEN

13.  Generally ‘s’ is added to  Compound Nouns  written without hyphens to form Plural nouns.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
PICKPOCKET	PICKPOCKETS		BAGFUL	BAGFULS		BOOKCASE	BOOKCASES
ARMCHAIR	ARMCHAIRS		SPOONFUL	SPOONFULS		HANDFUL	HANDFULS

13.  Generally  in Compound Nouns ‘s’ is added to the Principal word to form plural nouns.

The Compound Nouns also change the vowels used inside of the   Principal words to form plural nouns.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
PASSER-BY	PASSERS-BY		MOTHER-IN-LAW	MOTHERS-IN-LAW
STEP-SON	STEP-SONS		DAUGHTER-IN-LAW	DAUGHTERS-IN-LAW
SON-IN-LAW	SONS-IN-LAW		BROTHER-IN-LAW	BROTHERS-IN-LAW

14.  There are also some Compound Nouns which take a Double Plural in Plural form.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
MAN-SERVANT	MEN- SERVANTS		KNIGHT- TEMPLAR	KNIGHTS-TEMPLARS
WOMAN-SERVENT	WOMEN-SERVENTS		LORD- JUSTICE	LORDS - JUSTICES

15. There are also some uncommon changes.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
AGENDUM	AGENDA		FORUM	FORA		GENIUS	GENII
BUREAU	BUREAUX		MEDIUM	MEDIA		DATAM	DATA
CRISIS	CRISES		OASIS	OASES		OVUM	OVA
GROWN	GROWN  UPS		CRITERION	CRITERIA		SYLLABUS	SYLLABE
THESIS	THESES		RADIUS	RADII		VERTEX	VERTICES
BASIC	BASES		AXIX	AXES		FOCUS	FOCI
TERMINUS	TERMINI		ANALYSIS	ANALYSES		CRISIS	CRISES
RENDEZVOUS	RENDEZVOUS		PIAZZA	PIAZZE		BANDIT	BANDITTI

15.  We find also some nouns having same forms in Singular and  Plural numbers.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
SHEEP	SHEEP		SALMON	SALMON		CANNON	CANNON
DEER	DEER		COD	COD		DOZEN	DOZEN
HUNDRED	HUNDRED		THOUSAND	THOUSAND		PICE	PICE

16.  There are some nouns which are Plural in form but used always as Singular.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
PHYSICS			NEWS			POLITICS
MATHEMATIC			ETHICS

17.There are some nouns which are always Plural, they have no Singular forms.

SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL		SINGULAR	PLURAL
	BELLOWS			MEASLES			BILLARDS
	SCISSORS			MUMPS			SPECTACLES

SUMIT CHATTERJEE